THUNDERSTORM-BREEDING SPOTS

A severe thunderstorm climatology for Australia and associated thunderstorm environments

Automated extraction and classification of thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm wind data for extreme-value analysis

Design wind loads are partly based on extreme value analyses of historical wind data, and limitations on the quantity and spatial resolution of wind data pose a significant challenge in such analyses. A promising source of recent wind speed and direction data is the automated surface observing system (ASOS), a network of about 1000 standardized US weather stations. To facilitate the use of ASOS...

Spots

Fas (CD95, APO-1, TNFRSF6) is a TNF receptor superfamily member that directly triggers apoptosis and contributes to the maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. Although FADD and caspase-8 have been identified as key intracellular mediators of Fas signaling, it is not clear how recruitment of these proteins to the Fas death domain leads to activation of caspase-8 in...

Upward Electrical Discharges from Thunderstorm Tops

AFFILIATIONS: LYONS AND NELSON—FMA Research, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado; ARMSTRONG—Mission Research Corporation, Nashua, New Hampshire; PASKO—The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; STANLEY—Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Walter A. Lyons, CCM, FMA Research, Inc., Yucca Ridge Field Station, 46050 Weld County Road 13, Fort C...

Severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings in Europe

Article history: Received 7 December 2007 Received in revised form 29 August 2008 Accepted 20 September 2008 This study summarizes the current severe thunderstorm warning and forecast operations in different European National Hydro-Meteorological Services (NHMSs), and, in doing so, suggests ways for countries developing their own warning service to learn from experiences in other countries, as ...